**Roaches** refers to various species of Cockroaches (*Blattodea* order) that infest human dwellings, businesses, and infrastructure. Key pest species include the **German Cockroach** (*Blattella germanica*), the **American Cockroach** (*Periplaneta americana*), and the **Oriental Cockroach** (*Blatta orientalis*). The conflict is **public health risk and food contamination**: they actively spread pathogens, cause allergic reactions, and contaminate food and surfaces with droppings and shed skins.
Key Characteristics and Damage
- **Damage:** Fecal droppings, food spoilage, transmission of bacteria (*Salmonella*, *E. coli*), and strong, unpleasant odors in heavy infestations.
- **Habits:** Nocturnal, omnivorous scavengers. Thrive in warm, moist, dark areas (kitchens, drains, equipment voids).
- **German Cockroach:** Fastest breeders, common in kitchens, often transported via goods and packaging.
Management and Control
- **Sanitation (Key):** Eliminate food and water sources; clean up crumbs and grease regularly; repair plumbing leaks.
- **Exclusion:** Seal cracks, crevices, and entry points into buildings and between apartment units.
- **Chemical Control:** Use of highly effective **gel baits** (primary strategy), dusts in wall voids, and insect growth regulators (IGRs) to prevent reproduction.