Biting midges, often called No-See-Ums, are tiny flies belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae. Despite their extremely small size, these insects are notorious for their irritating bites. Female biting midges feed on blood from humans and animals in order to produce eggs.
Identification
Biting midges are extremely small, usually measuring less than 1/8 inch in length. Their bodies are gray or black with narrow wings and long legs. Because of their size, they are often difficult to see with the naked eye, which explains their nickname.
Distribution and Habitat
No-See-Ums occur worldwide and are especially common in coastal areas, wetlands, forests, and other environments with standing water. They often breed in moist soil, mud, and organic debris.
Life Cycle and Behavior
The life cycle includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages typical of many flies. Female midges seek out blood meals from humans, livestock, and wildlife before laying eggs in moist environments.
Pest Status
Biting midges are nuisance pests because their bites can cause itching, swelling, and irritation. In some regions they may also transmit diseases to animals.
Prevention
- Eliminate standing water where possible.
- Use insect repellents during peak activity times.
- Install fine mesh screens on windows and doors.
- Avoid outdoor exposure during dawn and dusk.
Control
Because breeding sites can be widespread, complete control is difficult. Integrated approaches including habitat management, repellents, and protective clothing are commonly used.